Cement:

Cement is a binding material used in construction to hold other materials together. It is typically made by heating a mixture of limestone and clay to a very high temperature(1300-1500°C), then grinding the resulting clinker into a fine powder. The powder is then mixed with small amounts of gypsum and other materials to control the setting time and improve the performance of the cement.

Cement is the main ingredient in concrete, which is used in a wide variety of construction projects, such as buildings, bridges, roads, and dams. It is also used in the production of mortar, which is used to hold bricks or other masonry units together. Cement is an essential building material due to its ability to form a strong, durable bond with other materials, and its versatility in different applications.
Cement is divided into two parts.
  1.Natural cement
  2.Artificial cement

  1.Natural cement
  It is prepared from those stones which contain about 60% limestone and 20 to 40% clay, these stones are burnt and grinded, which when added to water, becomes a fermentable substance.

2.Artificial cement
   This cement is natural cement, it is modified according to its needs, it is of the following type.
  
Cement Grades :

Cement grade refers to the strength of the cement measured in terms of its compressive strength, which is the maximum amount of pressure the cement can withstand without breaking when it is being compressed. The grade of cement is typically indicated by a number, such as 33, 43, or 53, which refers to the compressive strength of the cement in megapascals (MPa) after 28 days of curing under specific conditions.
The different grades of cement are used for various applications, such as construction of buildings, bridges, dams, and other infrastructure. The higher the grade, the stronger the cement is, and the more suitable it is for applications that require high strength and durability
As -

1.)Grade 33 cement has a compressive strength of 33 MPa after 28 days of curing and is suitable for general-purpose construction work, such as masonry work, plastering, and finishing.

2.)Grade 43 cement has a compressive strength of 43 MPa after 28 days of curing and is suitable for reinforced concrete structures, precast concrete elements, and high-strength concrete applications.

3.)Grade 53 cement has a compressive strength of 53 MPa after 28 days of curing and is suitable for construction of high-rise buildings, bridges, and other structures that require high strength and durability.



Types of cement :

There are several types of cement, including:

1.)Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): 

    This is the most commonly used type of cement and is made by grinding clinker with a few other additives.


2.) Rapid Hardening Cement:

      This type of cement has a higher rate of early strength development than OPC, and is often used in precast concrete or in situations where fast-setting concrete is needed.


3.)Sulphate Resisting Cement: 

    This type of cement is specially designed to resist sulphate attack, which can occur in soils or waters with high sulphate content.


4.)Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC):

    This type of cement is made by blending OPC with pozzolanic materials such as fly ash or silica fume, which improve the durability of concrete.


5.)White Cement: 

     This type of cement is made from raw materials that contain very little iron oxide, resulting in a white or off-white color.


6.)Low Heat Cement: 

     This type of cement is designed to produce less heat during the hydration process than OPC, which can help prevent cracking in large concrete structures.


7.)Coloured Cement:

     This type of cement is made by adding pigments to OPC or white cement, resulting in a wide range of colors that can be used for decorative purposes.


8.)Hydrophobic Cement: 

     This type of cement contains additives that repel water, making it useful in situations where water is likely to be present, such as in basements or underground structures.


9.) High Alumina cement:


10.)Blast furnace slag cement:

 

11.)Quick setting cement:

  

12.)Expanding cement:


13.)Blast furnace slag cement:


Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC):


 Ordinary Portland Cement is used for all general operations. It was used in 1824 by Mr. Joseph Aspadin, a Kingdom Mistress of England. Its color resembles that of the Portland mines which are named after him, hence the name.  It is also known as OPC Cement in the world.

 In ordinary cement, about 65% limestone and 35% clay clay soil solution is made by baking and grinding them at 1300 ° C-1500 ° C and 2 to 3% gypsum is added to it while drinking the clinker.

 OPC Cement is available in three types in India

 1.Grade -OPC33 - IS 269

 2.Grade-OPC43 - IS 8112

 4.Grade-OPC53- IS 12269


IS Code of Physical Test Cement:

1.Fineness test of cement  IS: 4031 -part 1

 2.Physical test on lyrics of cement IS: 4031  part 2

3.Specific gravity test of cement Is: 4031 Part 3

4. Standard  consistancy test of cement IS 4031 part 4

 5.Initial and final setting time test of       cement IS:4031 part 5

 6.Compressive strength of cement or     motor  cubes  test of cement  IS:4031 part 6

 7.Density test of cement IS: 4031 part 11

 8.Fineness test by wet seiving method IS: 4031 part 15

9.Heat of Hydration test

10.Chemical Test of cement

Loss of ignition.


What is Cement IS code :

Cement IS code refers to the standards and specifications set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for various types of cement used in India. These codes are used to ensure quality control, safety, and consistency in the production and use of cement.

The following are some examples of cement IS codes:

IS 269: Ordinary Portland Cement

IS 455: Portland Slag Cement

IS 1489: Portland Pozzolana Cement

IS 12330: Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement

IS 8041: Rapid Hardening Portland Cement

IS 12600: Low Heat Portland Cement

IS 6452: High Alumina Cement

These IS codes provide detailed information on the composition, properties, and testing methods for each type of cement. They are essential for ensuring the quality and performance of cement used in construction projects in India.